health and social care

Work Description

Managers and directors in this unit group plan, organise, direct and co-ordinate the resources and activities of health care providers and purchasers at both district and unit levels.

Qualification

Entrants require a degree or equivalent qualification, a professional qualification and/or relevant experience. Off- and on-the-job training is provided through management training schemes. The nature of schemes varies between regions and occupational areas.

Job Tasks

implements policies of the board, ensures statutory procedures are followed, with particular emphasis on patient safety and the management of risk; liaises with health care professionals to determine short and long-term needs and how to meet these objectives within budgetary constraints; oversees the day-to-day management of the unit or service and provides leadership to staff; uses statistical information to monitor performance and assist with planning; negotiates and manages contracts with providers and purchasers of health care services; manages staff, including recruitment, appraisal and development; monitors and reports upon the effectiveness of services with a view to improving the efficiency of health care provision; coordinates the promotion of public health and wellbeing in the actions and policies of public agencies and their social partners; monitors and reports upon the state of public health and wellbeing.

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Work Description

Social services managers and directors plan, organise, direct and co-ordinate the resources necessary to protect the welfare of certain groups within local authorities including children and young people, families under stress, people with disabilities, elderly people and people needing help as a result of illness.

Qualification

Entry is usually through internal promotion for those with the appropriate professional qualifications and relevant experience. Post-qualifying professional qualifications and in-service training are available.

Job Tasks

provides leadership and management to ensure services are delivered in accordance with statutory requirements and in line with the local authority social services department’s policies and procedures; determines staffing, financial, material and other short and long-term needs; plans work schedules, assigns tasks and delegates responsibilities of social services staff; monitors and evaluates departmental performance with a view to improving social service provision; studies and advises upon changes in legislation that will impact upon social service provision; liaises with representatives of other relevant agencies.

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Work Description

Healthcare practice managers plan, organise, direct and co-ordinate the work and resources of medical, dental and other types of healthcare practice, including veterinary practices.

Qualification

There are no pre-set entry requirements. Candidates are recruited with a variety of academic qualifications or with relevant experience. Professional qualifications are available and are required for certain posts.

Job Tasks

plans work schedules, assigns tasks and delegates responsibilities of practice staff; oversees staff training and monitors training needs; takes responsibility for health and safety matters within the practice; negotiates contracts for services with other health care providers and purchasers; maintains patient files on medical history, consultations made and treatment undertaken and/or drugs prescribed; organises duty rosters for professional and support staff in practice; takes responsibility for stock control of practice equipment, drugs etc.; liaises with relevant outside organisations (e.g. NHS trust, PCT, social services, drug companies, professional bodies); responsible for budgeting, pricing and accounting activities within the practice.

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Work Description

Managers and proprietors in this group plan, organise, direct and co-ordinate the resources necessary in the provision and running of residential and day care establishments and domiciliary care services for persons who require specialised care and/or supervision.

Qualification

Although there are no pre-set academic entry requirements there are a variety of entry routes. However, entrants must be registered with the relevant statutory body and hold the appropriate qualification for the job they do. Off- and on-the-job training is provided and a range of qualifications is available including NVQs/SVQs in Health and Social Care at Levels 3 and 4. Background checks including a CRB check are required.

Job Tasks

determines staffing, financial, material and other short- and long-term requirements; plans work schedules, assigns tasks and delegates responsibilities to staff; arranges for payment of bills, keeps accounts and adheres to health, safety and other statutory requirements; maintains contact between service users and the local community and/or family and friends; assesses service users’ needs and ensures they have access to health and social care services as required; creates a friendly, secure atmosphere to gain the trust and confidence of those using the service; ensures that the physical comfort and all material needs of service users are provided and attempts to resolve problems that may arise.

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Work Description

Medical practitioners diagnose mental and physical injuries, disorders and diseases, prescribe and give treatment, recommend preventative action, and conduct medical education and research activities. They may specialise in particular areas of modern medicine or work in general practice and, where necessary, refer the patient to a specialist.

Qualification

Entrants require a university degree from a medical school recognised by the General Medical Council followed by a year of pre-registration training as a house officer. Some medical schools operate graduate entry schemes. Once the pre-registration period as house officer is completed, doctors undertake up to two years postgraduate training in a chosen speciality.

Job Tasks

examines patient, arranges for any necessary x-rays or other tests and interprets results; diagnoses condition and prescribes and/or administers appropriate treatment/surgery; administers medical tests and inoculations against communicable diseases; supervises patient’s progress and advises on diet, exercise and other preventative action; refers patient to specialist where necessary and liaises with specialist; prepares and delivers lectures, undertakes research, and conducts and participates in clinical trials; supervises the implementation of care and treatment plans by other healthcare providers.

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Work Description

Psychologists research, study and assess emotional, cognitive and behavioural processes and abnormalities in human beings and animals and how these are affected by genetic, physical and social factors.

Qualification

Entrants require a degree in psychology recognised by the British Psychology Society. Postgraduate and professional qualifications relating to different areas of psychology are available and are required for certain posts.

Job Tasks

develops and administers tests to measure intelligence, abilities, aptitudes, etc. and assesses results; develops treatment and guidance methods and gives treatment or guidance using a variety of therapy and counselling techniques; observes and experiments on humans and animals to measure mental and physical characteristics; analyses the effect of hereditary, social and physical factors on thought and behaviour; studies psychological factors in the treatment and prevention of mental illness or emotional and personality disorders; maintains required contacts with family members, education or other health professionals, as appropriate, and recommends possible solutions to problems presented; applies professional knowledge and techniques within the workplace, addressing issues such as job design, work groups, motivation etc.; applies psychological treatment methods to help athletes achieve optimum mental health and enhance sporting performance.

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Work Description

Pharmacists dispense drugs and medicaments in hospitals and pharmacies and advise on and participate in the development and testing of new drugs, compounds and therapies. They counsel on the proper use and adverse effects of drugs and medicines.

Qualification

Entrants possess a degree in pharmacy. To register with the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, entrants must have completed a one year period of pre-registration training and passed a registration exam. Further training is available to permit pharmacists to prescribe medicines independently.

Job Tasks

prepares or directs the preparation of prescribed medicaments in liquid, powder, tablet, ointment or other form following prescriptions issued by medical doctors and other health professionals; advises health professionals on the selection and appropriate use of medicines; highlights a drug’s potential side effects, identifies harmful interactions with other drugs and assesses the suitability of treatments for patients with particular health conditions; checks that recommended doses are not being exceeded and that instructions are understood by patients; maintains prescription files and records issue of narcotics, poisons and other habit-forming drugs; liaises with other professionals regarding the development, manufacturing and testing of drugs; tests and analyses drugs to determine their identity, purity and strength; ensures that drugs and medicaments are in good supply and are stored properly.

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Work Description

Ophthalmic opticians test patients’ vision, diagnose defects and disorders and prescribe glasses or contact lenses as required.

Qualification

Entrants require a degree in Optometry, must have passed the Professional Qualifying Examination of the General Optical Council, and have completed a pre-registration year. Advanced training in specialised areas is available.

Job Tasks

examines eyes and tests vision of patient, identifies problems, defects, injuries and ill health; prescribes, supplies and fits appropriate spectacle lenses, contact lenses and other aids; advises patient on proper use of glasses, contact lenses and other aids, and on appropriate lighting conditions for reading and working; refers patient to a specialist, where necessary; carries out research with glass and lens manufacturers.

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Work Description

Dental practitioners diagnose dental and oral diseases, injuries and disorders, prescribe and administer treatment, recommend preventative action and, where necessary, refer the patient to a specialist.

Qualification

Entrants require an approved university degree and must have completed a period of postgraduate vocational training. Graduate entry to dental school is sometimes possible. Registration with the General Dental Council is a pre-requisite to practise. Specialist fields require further study and training.

Job Tasks

examines patient’s teeth, gums and jaw, using dental and x-ray equipment, diagnoses dental conditions; assesses and recommends treatment options to patients; administers local anaesthetics; carries out clinical treatments, restores teeth affected by decay etc., treats gum disease and other disorders; constructs and fits braces, inlays, dentures and other appliances; supervises patient’s progress and advises on preventative action; educates patients on oral health care; refers patient to specialist, where necessary; maintains patients’ dental health records; prepares and delivers lectures, undertakes research, and conducts and participates in clinical trials.

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Work Description

Veterinarians diagnose and treat animal injuries, diseases and disorders, and advise on preventative action. They may work in practices, specialising according to their location in either a rural or urban area, or in the public sector or associated industries such as pharmaceuticals, food production or drug regulation.

Qualification

Entrants will require a university degree in veterinary science and registration as a member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS). Pre-entry experience in a veterinary practice may be required for entry to a university veterinary school.

Job Tasks

examines animals, diagnoses condition and prescribes and administers appropriate drugs, dressings, etc., and arranges or undertakes any necessary x-ray or other tests; inoculates animals against communicable diseases; administers local or general anaesthetics and performs surgery; investigates outbreaks of animal diseases and advises owners on feeding, breeding and general care; euthanases old, sick, terminally ill and unwanted animals; performs tasks relating to food safety policy, regulation of veterinary drugs, quality control of veterinary products; performs ante-mortem inspection of animals destined for the food chain, and animal post-mortem examinations; carries out expert witness work and undertakes teaching of veterinary students; maintains records, raises and forwards reports and certificates in compliance with current legislation.

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Work Description

Medical (diagnostic) radiographers operate x-ray machines, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging devices for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, assist in the diagnosis of injuries and diseases and are involved in intervention procedures such as the removal of kidney stones. They operate under the supervision of senior staff. Therapeutic radiographers specialise in the planning and administration of radiotherapy treatment for patients with cancer.

Qualification

Entrants for medical radiography possess a degree in radiography recognised by the Health Professions Council (HPC). Those with a relevant first degree may qualify by completing a pre-registration postgraduate diploma or a Masters qualification. Post-qualifying courses are available for specialist areas.

Job Tasks

uses a range of imaging devices for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes; assesses patients and interprets clinical requirements to determine appropriate radiographic treatments; verifies identity of patient and ensures that necessary preparations have been made for the examination/treatment; decides length and intensity of exposure or strength of dosage of isotope; positions patient and operates x-ray, scanning or fluoroscopic equipment; maintains records of all radiographic/therapeutic work undertaken; plans course of treatment with clinical oncologists and physicists; calculates radiation dosage and maps volume to be treated; explains treatment to patient and management of any side effects; carries out post-treatment reviews and follow-ups.

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Work Description

Podiatrists (formerly known as chiropodists) diagnose and treat ailments and abnormalities of the human foot and lower limb, deal with minor infections, injuries and deformities, and conditions resulting from other major health disorders such as diabetes.

Qualification

Entry requires a degree in podiatry approved by the Health Professions Council and registration with and membership of the Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists. Degree courses combine theoretical and practical training. Qualified podiatrists must undertake 30 hours of Continuing Professional Development each year.

Job Tasks

examines patient’s feet to determine the nature and extent of disorder; provides vascular and neurological assessment for the long-term management of chronic disorders and high risk patients; administers local anaesthetic where appropriate; treats conditions of the skin, nails and soft tissues of feet by minor surgery, massage and heat treatment, padding and strapping or drugs; prescribes, makes and fits pads and other orthotic appliances to correct and/or protect foot disorders; those with advanced training may carry out minor surgery on the feet; advises patients on aspects of foot care to avoid recurrence of foot problems; delivers foot health education to groups such as the elderly, children, the homeless, those with medical problems such as arthritis; refers patients who require further medical or surgical attention.

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Work Description

Job holders in this unit group perform a variety of other health-related professional occupations not elsewhere classified in MINOR GROUP 221: Health Professionals. They may work autonomously or in teams with other health workers.

Qualification

Entry is via a variety of relevant academic and/or professional qualifications.

Job Tasks

provides expert technical and technological support in the delivery of critical care; provides high level support within surgical teams before, during and after surgery; operate heart-lung machines during surgical procedures; conducts medical education relevant to specialism and provides team leadership and supervision; diagnoses and treats patients with a variety of hearing-related problems; carries out a range of oral/dental treatments; provides prosthetic devices to patients and advises on rehabilitation.

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Work Description

Physiotherapists plan and apply massage, promote and encourage movement and exercise, use hydrotherapy, electro-therapy and other technological equipment in the treatment of a wide range of injuries, diseases and disabilities in order to assist rehabilitation by developing and restoring body systems.

Qualification

Entry is most common with GCSEs/S grades and A levels/H grades followed by up to four years training on an approved degree scheme necessary for state registration as a physiotherapist. Some science and other graduates are eligible for accelerated two-year pre-registration MSc degree programmes in Physiotherapy or Rehabilitation Science. Candidates must pass a medical examination.

Job Tasks

examines medical reports and assesses patient to determine the condition of muscles, nerves or joints in need of treatment; writes up patients’ case notes and reports, maintains their records and manages caseload; plans and undertakes therapy to improve circulation, restore joint mobility, strengthen muscles and reduce pain; explains treatment to and instructs patient in posture and other exercises and adapts treatment as necessary; offers advice and education on how to avoid injury and promote patient’s future health and well-being; supervises physiotherapy assistants; monitors patient’s progress and liaises with others concerned with the treatment and rehabilitation of patient, and refers patients requiring other specific medical attention.

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Work Description

Occupational therapists work with people who have a physical or learning disability or mental illness, actively engaging them in purposeful activities in order to maximise self-confidence, independent functioning and well-being.

Qualification

Entrants usually possess A levels/H grades, an Advanced GNVQ/GSVQ Level III, a BTEC/SQA award or equivalent qualifications followed by training on an approved degree scheme necessary for state registration as an occupational therapist. There is a minimum age limit of 18 years to enter training.

Job Tasks

considers the physical, psychological and social needs of a patient that may result from illness, injury, congenital condition or lifestyle problems; devises, designs, initiates and monitors carefully selected and graded treatments and activities as part of the assessment and intervention process; liaises with a wide variety of other professionals in planning and reviewing ongoing treatments; trains students and supervises the work of occupational therapy assistants; makes home visits to clients, families and carers to organise support and rehabilitation and assist them to deal and cope with disability; counsels clients in ways to promote a healthy lifestyle, prevention of illness and/or preparation for coping with increasing stages of illness; maintains patient records, manages caseloads.

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Speech and language therapists are responsible for the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of speech, language, fluency and voice disorders caused by disability, injury or illness.

Qualification

Entrants require a recognised graduate or postgraduate degree that encompasses both theory and clinical practice. Successful completion of these courses leads to eligibility for a certificate to practice and membership of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Full membership is granted after completion of a year of supervised, post-qualifying experience.

Job Tasks

assesses, tests and diagnoses a client’s condition; designs and initiates appropriate rehabilitation and/or remedial programmes of treatment; treats speech and language disorders by coaching and counselling clients or through the use of artificial communication devices; attends case conferences and liaises with other specialists such as doctors, teachers, social workers and psychologists; counsels relatives to help cope with the problems created by a patient’s disability; writes reports and maintains client caseloads.

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Work Description

Job holders in this unit group plan and apply physical and therapeutic treatments and activities to assist recovery from physical and mental illness and to minimise the effects of disabilities not elsewhere classified in MINOR GROUP 222: Therapy professionals.

Qualification

Entrants usually possess an accredited degree or postgraduate qualification. Training can take between two to five years depending upon the chosen method of study. Courses provide a mixture of theoretical study and practical experience. Membership of professional bodies may be mandatory in some areas.

Job Tasks

prescribes diet therapy and gives advice to patients, health care professionals and the public on dietetic and nutritional matters for those with special dietary requirements or to prevent illness amongst the general population; diagnoses and treats disorders of vision and eye movements, monitors subsequent progress and recommends further optical, pharmacological or surgical treatment as required; manipulates and massages patient to discover the cause of pain, relieve discomfort, restore function and mobility and to correct irregularities in body structure; adopts a holistic approach in assessing the overall health of the patient, and treats by inserting needles under the skin at particular locations according to the disorder being treated; administers aromatic herbs and oils and massage to relieve pain and restore health; assesses and provides treatment for people with mental disabilities, or those suffering with mental illness, stress, and emotional and relationship problems; diagnoses and treats behavioural problems in animals.

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Work Description

Nurses provide general and/or specialised nursing care for the sick, injured and others in need of such care, assist medical doctors with their tasks and work with other healthcare professionals and within teams of healthcare workers. They advise on and teach nursing practice.

Qualification

Qualification as a nurse is via a diploma or degree course, both of which are provided by universities. Courses comprise both theoretical and practical work, including placements in hospital and community settings. Full time diploma courses last three years; degree courses last three or four years. Accelerated programmes are available to graduates with a health-related degree. There is a minimum age limit of 17 years 6 months to enter training. Post-registration training is available for a range of clinical specialisms.

Job Tasks

assists medical doctors and works with other healthcare professionals to deal with emergencies and pre-planned treatment of patients; manages own case load; monitors patient’s progress, administers drugs and medicines, applies surgical dressings and gives other forms of treatment; participates in the preparation for physical and psychological treatment of mentally ill patients; plans duty rotas and organises and directs the work and training of ward and theatre nursing staff; advises on nursing care, disease prevention, nutrition, etc. and liaises with hospital board/ management on issues concerning nursing policy; plans, manages, provides and evaluates nursing care services for patients, supervises the implementation of nursing care plans; delivers lectures and other forms of formal training relating to nursing practice.

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Midwives deliver, or assist in the delivery of babies, provide antenatal and postnatal care and advise parents on baby care. They work with other healthcare professionals, and advise on and teach midwifery practice.

Qualification

A degree in midwifery is essential. Registered nurses can do a 12-18 month shortened course but graduates from other disciplines must undertake the full three or four-year degree programme. Entry to midwifery training without a degree or HND is also possible. Applicants must have a minimum of five GCSEs (or equivalent) and at least two A-levels (or equivalent) for degree programmes. There is a lower age limit of 17 years 6 months to enter training.

Job Tasks

monitors condition and progress of patient and baby throughout pregnancy; delivers babies in normal births and assists doctors with difficult deliveries; monitors recovery of mother in postnatal period and supervises the nursing of premature and other babies requiring special attention; advises on baby care, exercise, diet and family planning issues; supervises more junior staff and directs the work of the midwifery unit; plans and manages midwifery care services; delivers lectures and other forms of training in midwifery practice.

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Social workers provide information, advice and support to those who are socially excluded or are experiencing crisis; they protect the welfare of vulnerable groups including children, young people, people with disabilities, elderly people and people who are mentally or physically ill, and they may specialise in specific areas of work.

Qualification

Social work is a regulated profession and practitioners must be registered with the appropriate statutory body. To register a social worker must satisfy the criteria for registration. Non-graduates must undertake a three-year degree in social work; graduates with relevant experience may take a two-year postgraduate diploma/Masters degree. Prior relevant work experience or relevant voluntary work is encouraged. Background checks including a CRB check are required.

Job Tasks

liaises with other health and social care professionals and agencies to identify those in need and at risk within the local community; interviews individuals and groups to assess and review the nature and extent of difficulties; undertakes and writes up assessments to specified standards; arranges for further counselling or assistance in the form of financial or material help; organises support and develops care plans to address service users’ needs; keeps case records, prepares reports and participates in team meetings; gives evidence in court; participates in training and supervision.

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Probation officers work to rehabilitate offenders. They supervise, counsel and help them before trial, during any prison or community sentence and on release from prison.

Qualification

Candidates are recruited with a variety of academic qualifications or with relevant experience. In England and Wales all candidates must complete a two-year Diploma in Probation studies. There is a minimum age limit of 20 years to undertake training. In Scotland and Northern Ireland, entry requirements are the same as for social workers. Background checks including a CRB check are required.

Job Tasks

produces pre-sentence reports to the court about an individual’s crime, their personal circumstances, the suitability of sentencing, the likelihood of re-offending and the future risk to the public; enforces court orders and serves the public by providing a wide range of supervision programmes for those in receipt of a community sentence; draws up probation plans with offenders and helps them follow it, advises them on any work and helps them with any family or social problems; works with prisoners in giving advice on problems such as drug and alcohol abuse, addressing training needs, finding work and getting accommodation; keeps accurate and comprehensive records.

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Members of the clergy provide spiritual motivation and guidance, conduct worship according to the form of service of a particular faith/denomination and perform related functions associated with religious beliefs and practices.

Qualification

Entrants typically possess a degree or equivalent qualification. Candidates for the clergy according to the Christian faith must pass a residential selection procedure and attend theological college where training includes theological instruction and practical pastoral experience. Training can last up to six years depending upon age, experience and denomination. Entry routes for other religious professionals will vary according to the particular faith concerned.

Job Tasks

prepares and delivers sermons and talks and leads congregation in worship; interprets doctrines and instructs intending clergy members in religious principles and practices; provides and arranges the provision of religious instruction to congregation members; performs marriages, funerals, baptisms and other special religious rites; provides pastoral care to members of the congregation in their homes and in hospitals and counsels those in need of spiritual or moral guidance; undertakes administration and social duties as required.

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Work Description

Workers in this unit group perform a variety of welfare-related professional occupations not elsewhere classified in MINOR GROUP 244: Welfare Professionals.

Qualification

Entry is via a variety of relevant academic and/or professional qualifications. Background checks including a CRB check are likely to be required.

Job Tasks

provides activities to assist young people develop and fulfil their potential as individuals and within the community; advises and supports families experiencing stress or crisis; acts as an advocate for and represents individuals and families at tribunals and similar hearings; oversees, supervises and provides counselling for the process of adoption; mentors and counsels those with mental health problems; provides rehabilitation services to individuals; manages volunteers and part-time workers, and liaises with other relevant professionals; keeps records and controls budgets.

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Work Description

Paramedics provide first aid and life support treatment in emergency situations and transport sick and injured people who require skilled treatment.

Qualification

Entry is via a student paramedic position with an ambulance service trust or completion of an approved full-time university course in paramedical science. Qualification requirements for entry to university courses vary (GCSEs, A levels or equivalent). A full, manual driving licence (with appropriate classifications) is required. Paramedics working in the NHS must be registered with the Health Professions Council.

Job Tasks

drives ambulance or accompanies driver to respond to calls for assistance at accidents, emergencies and other incidents; assesses the nature of injuries, provides first aid treatment and ascertains appropriate method of conveying patient; resuscitates and/or stabilises patient using relevant techniques, equipment and drugs; transports and accompanies patients who either require or potentially require skilled treatment whilst travelling; briefs other medical staff when handing over the patient, and completes patient report forms describing the patient’s condition and any treatment provided.

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Work Description

Dispensing opticians supply, fit and service spectacles, contact lenses and other optical aids in accordance with a prescription from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.

Qualification

Entry is most common with GCSEs/S grades or equivalent qualifications or experience, followed by up to three years training approved by the Association of British Dispensing Opticians (ABDO). Full-time, day-release or distance-learning options are available.

Job Tasks

interprets prescription and measures patient’s face to determine distance between pupil centres, height of bridge of nose, etc.; advises patient on lens type and choice of spectacle frames; prepares detailed instructions for workshop; ensures that completed spectacles conform to specification and fit the patient correctly and comfortably; fits spectacles and advises patient on lens care and any other difficulties likely to be experienced.

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Pharmaceutical technicians work in hospitals or in the community and assist pharmacists in the preparation and dispensing of drugs and medicines.

Qualification

Entrants to training usually possess GCSEs/S grades or the equivalent. Training is typically a combination of practical experience and study at a college or by open learning towards vocational qualifications. To register as a pharmacy technician with the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain an NVQ/ SVQ in Pharmacy Services at Level 3 is required

Job Tasks

checks received prescriptions for legality and accuracy; prepares drugs and medicines under the supervision of pharmacist; prepares specialised, tailor-made drugs for intravenous administration by hospital medical staff; labels and checks items prior to dispensing; maintains records of prescriptions received and drugs issued; advises patients or customers on the use of drugs prescribed or medication purchased over the counter; checks stock levels, orders new stock from pharmaceutical companies and ensures that drugs are stored appropriately.

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Work Description

Medical and dental technicians operate, calibrate and maintain cardiographic and encephalographic testing equipment, assist in the conduct of post mortems, give simple dental treatments, fit artificial limbs and hearing aids, and undertake a wide range of related medical and dental tasks.

Qualification

Entrants usually possess GCSEs/S grades, BTEC/ SQA awards, an Intermediate GNVQ/GSVQ Level II or A levels/H grades. Training may last up to five years depending upon the field and method of study. Professional qualifications and NVQs/SVQs at Level 3 are available in some areas.

Job Tasks

operates equipment to diagnose and record or treat hearing, heart, brain, lung and kidney ailments; undertakes scaling and polishing of teeth, applies medicaments, carries out post-operative hygiene work and advises on preventative dentistry; makes dentures, crowns, bridges, orthodontic and other dental appliances according to individual patient requirements; measures patients for, and fits them with, surgical appliances, hearing aids and artificial limbs; performs related medical tasks including treating hair and scalp disorders and conducting tests on glaucoma patients; takes samples for clinical examination.

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Work Description

Job holders in this unit group carry out a variety of technical and complementary support functions not elsewhere classified in MINOR GROUP 321: Health Associate Professionals.

Qualification

Entrants usually possess an accredited degree or postgraduate qualification. Training can take between two to five years depending upon the chosen method of study. Courses provide a mixture of theoretical study and practical experience. Membership of professional bodies may be mandatory in some areas.

Job Tasks

prescribes diet therapy and gives advice to patients, health care professionals and the public on dietetic and nutritional matters for those with special dietary requirements or to prevent illness; diagnoses and treats disorders of vision and eye movements, monitors subsequent progress and recommends further optical, pharmacological or surgical treatment as required; manipulates and massages patient to discover the cause of pain, relieve discomfort, restore function and mobility and to correct irregularities in body structure; inserts needles under the skin, administers aromatic herbs and oils and massages body to relieve pain and restore health; advises and prescribes in areas of complementary and alternative medicine.

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Youth and community workers provide support to individuals or groups of individuals through a range of activities or services that aim to encourage participation in social and community life and promote personal and social development.

Qualification

There are no formal academic entry requirements though a minimum age for appointment between 18 and 21 normally applies. Most qualified youth workers possess an accredited diploma in higher education or postgraduate diploma in youth and community work. A majority of qualifying courses are for people aged over 21 years of age. Background checks including a CRB check are likely to be required.

Job Tasks

organises social, recreational and educational activities in local community and youth groups; undertakes the day-to-day running of community centres and supervises the activities of part-time and voluntary workers; liaises and supports voluntary workers running groups in village halls, churches, mosques and other places of worship; advises individuals with particular needs or problems through informal discussion, individual counselling or formal group discussion; helps set up credit unions, encourages parents to establish playgroups, works with other groups to find solutions to shared concerns or problems.

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Child and early years officers work with babies and with children up to 14 years of age (or 16 for those with special needs), providing support, help and advice to individuals or within a family context.

Qualification

There are no formal qualification requirements for entry although many employers will expect those appointed to have A-levels and to be working towards a relevant diploma or degree, together with work experience in a relevant field. For some roles workers must be registered with the appropriate statutory body. Some jobs are regulated and require job holders to satisfy the criteria for registration (including holding appropriate qualifications). Background checks including a CRB check are mandatory.

Job Tasks

deals with issues relating to poor attendance at school; works with social worker to identify, plan and deliver appropriate support to families facing a variety of difficulties; advises clients and their families on available resources; writes up case notes, prepares reports, keeps up-to-date records on clients; makes referrals to other agencies such as social services and educational psychologists; attends meetings with colleagues and outside agencies.

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Housing officers assess and address housing needs of particular localities and individuals and oversee the day-to-day management of rented properties belonging to local authorities or housing associations.

Qualification

Entry is possible with a variety of academic qualifications and/or relevant work experience. NVQs/SVQs in Housing are available at Levels 2, 3 and 4. Professional qualifications are available and may be required for some posts.

Job Tasks

Oversees the day-to-day running of rented properties including arranging for the signing of leases, rent collection and maintenance work; interviews prospective tenants and allocates properties to waiting list applicants; carries out regular inspections of properties to assess and ensure they are in a good state of repair; ensures that special needs accommodation is suited to the needs of particular groups such as the elderly and disabled, and that statutory requirements for providing accommodation are met; refers tenants to appropriate sources of benefits and welfare; deals with payment of rents and arrears, arranges for legal action where necessary; supports tenants’ groups; works closely with other agencies such as social services departments and welfare rights groups.

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Work Description

Jobholders in this unit group provide counselling services to clients with a wide variety of problems by means of assisting them to reach their own resolutions to the difficulties they face. Counsellors may specialise in a particular area or client group or address a wide range of issues.

Qualification

There are no formal qualifications to entry but relevant experience is necessary. Many employers will expect entrants to have achieved or be working towards accreditation with a professional body via certification or a diploma in counselling. Background checks including a CRB check are likely to be required for counsellors working with vulnerable adults and/or families.

Job Tasks

meets clients face-to-face, working either one-to-one or with couples or families, or by telephone or internet; encourages clients to discuss their feelings in relation to their problems, aiming to ensure that an understanding of the issues is achieved; presents different perspectives to the problem areas identified; refers to other appropriate sources of help; keeps accurate and confidential records.

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Workers in this unit group provide pastoral care relating to religious denominations, and a variety of welfare-related services including advice on benefits, health, disability and residential care not elsewhere classified in MINOR GROUP 323: Welfare and Housing Associate Professionals.

Qualification

Entry is possible with a variety of academic qualifications and/or experience. Professional qualifications may be required for some posts. Background checks including a CRB check are likely to be required for those working with vulnerable adults and/or families.

Job Tasks

advises on rights and entitlements in relation to benefits, health, discrimination and welfare; advises individuals and families experiencing problems about available resources to assist them; assists and liaises with professionals in social work, the probation service and related welfare areas; organises day, residential and home care services; helps to put together care plans and follows professional’s care plans; maintains records and compiles reports on clients; keeps up to date with legislation; performs pastoral care duties, preaches sermons and conducts some services in accordance with the relevant faith or denomination.

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Nursing auxiliaries and assistants assist doctors, nurses and other health professionals in caring for the sick and injured within hospitals, homes, clinics and the wider community.

Qualification

There are no formal academic entry requirements. Off- and on-the-job training is provided. NVQs/ SVQs in Care are available at Levels 2 and 3.

Job Tasks

performs basic clinical tasks such as taking patients’ temperature and pulse, weighing and measuring, performing urine tests and extracting blood samples; prepares patient for examination and treatment; distributes and serves food, assists patients in feeding and prepares snacks and hot drinks; assists patients in washing, dressing, toiletry activities and general mobility; changes bed linen, makes beds and tidies wards.

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Work Description

Ambulance staff transport sick, injured and convalescent persons and give first aid treatment in emergencies.

Qualification

Academic qualifications are not normally required. Entry requirements vary between ambulance services. Entrants must normally have possessed a full clean driving licence for one to two years and have health clearance. Entrants undertake a minimum of 2 weeks training in first aid and patient care. Successful trainees are then attached to an ambulance station where they work under the guidance of a trained supervisor for a probationary period before working unsupervised.

Job Tasks

helps patients into and out of ambulance; drives ambulance or accompanies driver to transport patients to hospitals or other treatment centres and homes; ascertains nature of injuries and provides first aid treatment; cleans and disinfects ambulance after use and carries out routine care of ambulance equipment; replenishes medical supplies in ambulance as necessary.

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Work Description

Dental nurses prepare patients for, and assist with, dental examinations, prepare and sterilise instruments and maintain case records.

Qualification

Entry is most common with GCSEs/S grades. Training is available both off- and on-the-job. Most entrants work towards the National Certificate for Dental Nurses.

Job Tasks

prepares patient for examination; prepares and sterilises instruments and follows guidelines to maintain sterile conditions within the surgery; hands required equipment and medication to dentist during examination; assists with minor treatment, such as preparing materials for fillings; removes water and saliva from patient’s mouth during treatment; maintains records, processes and mounts x?ray films and undertakes reception duties.

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Work Description

Houseparents and residential wardens are responsible for the care and supervision of children, young offenders and the elderly within residential homes and nurseries, schools or institutions for young offenders.

Qualification

There are no formal academic entry requirements. In most cases workers will be required to register with the appropriate statutory body which involves satisfying the registration criteria. This would normally include holding or working towards the appropriate qualification for the job. Entrants must typically be 18 years old and have experience of working in a care environment. Both off- and on-the-job training is available. A wide range of qualifications including NVQs/SVQs covering various aspects of care are available. Background checks including a CRB check are likely to be required.

Job Tasks

creates friendly, secure atmosphere and tries to gain the trust and confidence of those in the home or under supervision; plans and participates in games and leisure activities to encourage emotional, social, physical and intellectual development; ensures that all material needs of residents are provided and endeavours to resolve any problems that they may have; provides one-to-one counselling or group therapy; establishes and maintains contact with members of the neighbouring community and/or the residents’ family and friends; maintains contact and discusses problems/progress with other staff and social workers; keeps records and writes reports.

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Work Description

Care workers and home carers attend to the personal needs and comforts of the elderly and the infirm with care and support needs (‘service users’) within residential care establishments, day care establishments or in their own homes.

Qualification

There are no formal academic entry requirements. In most cases workers will be required to register with the appropriate statutory body which involves satisfying the registration criteria. This would normally include holding or working towards the appropriate qualification for the job. Entrants must typically be 18 years old and have experience of working in a care environment. Both off- and on-the-job training is available. A wide range of qualifications including NVQs/SVQs covering various aspects of care are available. Background checks including a CRB check are likely to be required.

Job Tasks

assists and enables service users to dress, undress, wash, use the toilet and bathe; serves meals to service users at table or in bed, and assists with feeding if required; generally assists with service users’ overall comfort and well being; provides interest and activities to stimulate and engage the service user; helps with daily activities such as letter writing, paying bills, collecting benefits; undertakes light cleaning and domestic duties including meal preparation as required; monitors service users’ conditions by taking temperature, pulse, respiration and weight, and contributes to record keeping; liaises with professional staff in carrying out care plans etc.

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Work Description

Senior care workers routinely oversee and monitor care workers, care assistants and home carers. They also attend to the personal needs and comforts of the elderly and the infirm with care and support needs (‘service users’) within residential care establishments, day care establishments or in their own homes.

Qualification

There are no formal academic entry requirements. In most cases workers will be required to register with the appropriate statutory body which involves satisfying the registration criteria. This would normally include holding or working towards the appropriate qualification for the job. A wide range of qualifications including NVQs/SVQs covering various aspects of care are available. Senior care workers must be qualified to an appropriate level (usually NVQ Level 3). They often have a background in social care and have achieved a qualification in this area; some may have nursing qualifications. Background checks including a CRB check are likely to be required.

Job Tasks

Routinely oversees and monitors care workers and home carers; takes responsibility for the shift and for the service while on duty; responds to emergencies and provides guidance and support to care workers; assists and enables service users to dress, undress, wash, use the toilet and bathe; serves meals to service users at table or in bed, assists with feeding if required; generally assists with service users’ overall comfort and well being; provides interest and activities to stimulate and engage the service user; helps with daily activities such as letter writing, paying bills, collecting benefits; undertakes light cleaning and domestic duties including meal preparation as required; monitors service users’ conditions by taking temperature, pulse, respiration and weight, and contributes to record keeping; liaises with professional staff in carrying out care plans etc.

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Work Description

Care escorts accompany and transport adults and children with disability between their places of residence and other destinations and act as chaperones for under 16s engaged in theatrical, television and film productions.

Qualification

There are no formal qualifications, other than a clean driving licence with the appropriate classification for those who are driving in addition to escorting. CRB checks are mandatory for those working with vulnerable adults and/or children.

Job Tasks

transports clients safely and securely between approved destinations; supports and secures chair bound clients; organises toilet and meal stops, as appropriate; supervises contact between parents and separated children; communicates with colleagues and maintains accurate records; supervises and accompanies children who are taking part in a theatrical, television or film production.

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Work Description

Undertakers, mortuary and crematorium assistants make funeral arrangements for clients, prepare the deceased for burial or cremation, and supervise and assist the proceedings of funerals.

Qualification

There are no formal academic requirements although some employers require candidates to possess GCSEs/S grades. A full driving licence is often required. Training is provided on-the-job. Professional qualifications in funeral directing and embalming are available.

Job Tasks

collects body of deceased and assists with the completion of necessary documents; interviews relative or representative of the deceased to discuss preparations for funeral; liaises with cemetery or crematorium authorities on behalf of client; washes and injects body with sterilising fluid to prevent deterioration prior to funeral, and applies cosmetics, wax and other materials to restore normal appearance; provides hearse and funeral cars and leads funeral procession; controls the operations of crematoriums and cemeteries and processes legal documentation.

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Work Description

Hospital porters perform various manual tasks in hospitals to assist nursing and domestic staff with the care of patients.

Qualification

There are no formal academic entry requirements. Training is provided off- and on-the-job. Entrants must typically pass a medical examination and may be required to hold a driving licence.

Job Tasks

lifts, escorts and wheels patients between hospital wards; assists with the delivery of meals, laundry, medical supplies and post to the wards or theatres; moves hospital equipment and furniture; collects and disposes of refuse from wards and other departments; assists with unloading and delivery of supplies.

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